Tuesday 27 January 2015

Resource for AS media

http://www.artofthetitle.com/

for film/ video based portfolio and section A of paper 1 - textual analysis and presentation


http://www.bbfc.co.uk/

UK film classification body - important for understanding ratings and ethics
also gatekeepers of sorts


http://ocrmedia13links.weebly.com/index.html

portfolio magazine design resource


http://www.filmeducation.org/resources/film_library/getfilms.php?id=A

an entire resource on films - you should know which film is current though - lots of old films in there


http://www.thefilmspace.org/teachingtrailers/winter2014-15/secondary/index.php

latest trailers for textual analysis and video foundation portfolio



http://www.thefilmspace.org/thinking-film/
downloadable clips from film for textual analysis




http://www.filmeducation.org/resources/secondary/teaching_with_film/

issues faced by media audiences




institutions and audiences - terminology

http://www.slideshare.net/hasnmedia/glossary-of-key-terms-film-institution-exam

something i found to ensurte that all topics and terminology is covered for institutions and audiences



Wednesday 29 January 2014

animation, mise en scene research and inspiration

Similar to Tangled, Frozen employed a unique artistic style by blending features of both computer-generated imagery (CGI) and traditional hand-drawn animation together.[39] The film's animators visited an Ice Hotel in Quebec City to study how light reflects and refracts on snow and ice. For the film's setting, the animators used the landscape of Norway and the feel of the winter season of Wyoming for inspiration.[40] "We had a very short time schedule for this film, so our main focus was really to get the story right but we knew that John Lasseter is keen on truth in the material and creating a believable world, and again that doesn't mean it's a realistic world - but a believable one. It was important to see the scope and scale of Norway, and important for our animators to know what it's like," Del Vecho remarked. "There is a real feeling of Lawrence of Arabia scope and scale to this," he finished. Back at the studio, Del Vecho explained the film's production: "On this movie we do have character leads, supervising animators on specific characters. The animators themselves may work on multiple characters but it’s always under one lead. I think it was different on Tangled, for example, but we chose to do it this way as we wanted one person to fully understand and develop their own character and then be able to impart that to the crew. Hyrum Osmond, the animator on Olaf, is quiet but he has a funny, wacky personality so we knew he'd bring a lot of comedy to it; Anna's animator, Becky Bresee, it's her first time leading a character and we wanted her to lead Anna."[27][34][41] In order to get the general feeling of each scene, some animators did their own acting. "I actually film myself acting the scene out, which I find very helpful," said animation supervisor Rebecca Wilson Bresee. This helped her discover elements that made the scene feel real and believable.[42]
Regarding the look and nature of the film's cinematography, the film's art director Michael Giaimo was greatly influenced by Jack Cardiff's work in Black Narcissus. According to him, it lent a hyper-reality to the film: "Because this is a movie with such scale and we have the Norwegian fjords to draw from, I really wanted to explore the depth. From a design perspective, since I was stressing the horizontal and vertical aspects, and what the fjords provide, it was perfect. We encased the sibling story in scale." Ted D. McCord's work in The Sound of Music was another major influence for Giaimo; "The juxtaposition of character and environment and the counterpart of how they played in terms of cinematography was brilliant in that film." It was also Giaimo's idea that Frozen should be filmed in CinemaScope, which was approved by Lasseter.[43] Giaimo also wanted to ensure that Norway's fjords, architecture and rosemaling folk art, were critical factors in designing the environment of Arendelle. Giaimo, whose background is animation, noted that the art design environment represents a unity of character and environment and that he originally wanted to incorporate saturated colors, which is typically ill-advised in computer animation.[41] A live reindeer was brought into the studio for animators to study its movements and mannerisms for the character, Sven.
During production, the film's English title was changed from The Snow Queen to Frozen, a decision that drew comparisons to Tangled. Peter Del Vecho explained that "the title Frozen came up independently of the title Tangled. It's because, to us, it represents the movie. Frozen plays on the level of ice and snow but also the frozen relationship, the frozen heart that has to be thawed. We don't think of comparisons between Tangled and Frozen, though." He also mentioned that the film will still retain its original title, The Snow Queen, in some foreign countries: "because that just resonated stronger in some countries than Frozen. Maybe there's a richness to The Snow Queen in the country's heritage and they just wanted to emphasize that."[27]
Test scenes demonstrating snow effects employed in the film.
The studio also developed several new tools to generate realistic and believable shots, particularly the heavy and deep snow and its interactions with the characters. Disney wanted an 'all-encompassing' and organic tool to provide snow effects but not require switching between different methods.[44] Dr. Kenneth Libbrecht, a professor from the California Institute of Technology, was invited to give lectures to the effects group on how snow and ice form, and why snowflakes are unique. Using this knowledge, together with maths, physics and the help of computers, the effects group created a snow simulator and snowflake generator called Matterhorn that allowed them to randomly create 2,000 unique snowflake shapes for the film, according to effects supervisor Dale Mayeda.[42] The software was also capable of depicting realistic snow in a virtual environment and it held responsibility for several key sequences of the film.[34][44][45] This method, in addition, gave audiences an illusion that the snow packs together as one thing and then breaks into pieces, while they are actually pieces already, the snow particles are just moving around, as explained by principal software engineer Andrew Selle.[44] Other tools designed to help artists complete complicated effects included Spaces, which allowed Olaf's deconstructible parts to be moved around and rebuilt, Flourish, which aided extra movement such as leaves and twigs to be art-directed; Snow Batcher, which helped preview the final look of the snow, especially when characters were interacting with an area of snow by walking through a volume, and Tonic, which enabled artists to sculpt their characters' hair as procedural volumes.[44] Tonic essentially aided in animating elements such as Elsa's hair, which contains 420,000 CG threads, while the average number for human is only 100,000. The number of character rigs in Frozen is 312 and the number of simulated costumes also reached 245 cloth rigs, which were far beyond all other Disney films to date, according to Frank Hanner, character CG supervisor.[13][42] Besides 3D effects, the filmmakers also used 2D artworks and drawings for specific elements and sequences in the film, including Elsa's magic and snow sculptures, as well as freezing fountains and floor.[44][45] The effects group created a "capture stage" where the entire world of "Frozen" gets displayed on monitors, which can be "filmed" on special cameras to operate a three-dimensional scene. "We can take this virtual set that's mimicking all of my actions and put it into any one of our scenes in the film," said technology manager Evan Goldberg.[42]

Norwegian and Sámi inspiration

The film contains elements specifically drawn from Norwegian culture and northern and central Norway's indigenous Sámi culture. Several landmarks in Norway appear in the film, including the Akershus Fortress in Oslo, the Nidaros Cathedral in Trondheim and Bryggen in Bergen. Numerous other typical cultural Norwegian elements are also included in the film, such as a Stave church, trolls, Viking ships, Fjord horses, clothes and food such as lutefisk. A maypole is also present in the film, a tradition more common in Sweden and Denmark than Norway. The movie also contains several elements specifically drawn from Norway's Sámi culture, such as the usage of reindeer for transportation and the equipment used to control these, clothing styles (the outfits of the ice cutters), and parts of the musical score.[46][47] Decorations, such as those on the castle pillars and Kristoff's sled are also in styles inspired by Sámi duodji decorations. During their field work in Norway, Disney's team visited Rørosrein, a Sámi family-owned company in the village Plassje which produces reindeer meat and arranges tourist events, for inspiration.[48] Arendelle was inspired by Naeroyfjord, a branch of Norway's longest fjord Sognefjorden, which has been listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.[49]
The filmmakers' trip to Norway provided essential knowledge for the animators to come up with the design aesthetic for the film in terms of color, light, and atmosphere. According to Giaimo, there were three important factors that they had acquired from this research trip: the fjords, which are the massive vertical rock formations, and serve as the setting for the secluded Arendelle kingdom; the medieval stave churches, whose rustic triangular rooflines and shingles inspired the castle compound; and the rosemaling folk art, whose distinctive paneling and grid patterns informed the architecture, decor, and costumes.[41]

Music

The songs for Frozen were written and composed by the husband-and-wife songwriting team of Robert Lopez and Kristen Anderson-Lopez, both of whom had previously worked with Walt Disney Animation Studios on Winnie the Pooh.[14][50] Lopez and Anderson-Lopez's "Let It Go" and "In Summer" were previewed at the 2013 D23 Expo, with the former being performed by Idina Menzel.[51] In February 2013, Christophe Beck was hired to score the film, following his highly acclaimed work on Paperman, a Disney animated short film released the year prior to Frozen.[52] Kristen Bell also confirmed that there would be a duet between her and Menzel.[18] It was also revealed on September 14, 2013 that Sámi musician Frode Fjellheim's Eatnemen Vuelie would be the film's opening song, as it contains elements of the traditional Sámi singing style joik.[53][54] The songs by Lopez and Anderson-Lopez were arranged and orchestrated by Dave Metzger, who also orchestrated a significant portion of Beck's score.[55]
For the orchestral film score, composer Christophe Beck gave homage to the Norway- and Sápmi-inspired setting, employing regional instruments such as the bukkehorn and traditional vocal techniques, such as kulning.[56] The music producers recruited a Norwegian linguist to assist with the lyrics for an Old Norse song written for Elsa's coronation, and also traveled to Norway to record the all-female choir Cantus, for a piece inspired by traditional Sámi music.[56] The score was recorded by an 80-piece orchestra, featuring 32 vocalists, including native Norwegian Christine Hals.[56] Beck worked with Lopez and Anderson-Lopez on incorporating their songs into arrangements in the score. The trio's goal "was to create a cohesive musical journey from beginning to end."[56]

Frozen - storyline

102 minutes
Rated: PG


Anna, a fearless optimist, sets off on an epic journey - teaming up with rugged mountain man Kristoff and his loyal reindeer Sven - to find her sister Elsa, whose icy powers have trapped the kingdom of Arendelle in eternal winter. Encountering Everest-like conditions, mystical trolls and a hilarious snowman named Olaf, Anna and Kristoff battle the elements in a race to save the kingdom. From the outside Anna's sister, Elsa looks poised, regal and reserved, but in reality, she lives in fear as she wrestles with a mighty secret-she was born with the power to create ice and snow. It's a beautiful ability, but also extremely dangerous. Haunted by the moment her magic nearly killed her younger sister Anna, Elsa has isolated herself, spending every waking minute trying to suppress her growing powers. Her mounting emotions trigger the magic, accidentally setting off an eternal winter that she can't stop. She fears she's becoming a monster and that no one, not even her sister, can help her.


Frozen (2013) Poster

Trailer

 http://www.imdb.com/title/tt2294629/?ref_=fn_al_tt_1

Genres:

Animation | Adventure | Comedy | Family | Fantasy | Musical



Origins

Concept art from Disney's shelved hand-drawn film, The Snow Queen.
In 1943, Walt Disney and Samuel Goldwyn had considered the possibility of collaborating to produce a biography film of author and poet Hans Christian Andersen, where Goldwyn's studio would shoot the live-action sequences of Andersen's life and Disney would create the animated sequences. The animated sequences were to include stories of Andersen's works, such as The Little Mermaid, The Little Match Girl, The Steadfast Tin Soldier, The Snow Queen, Thumbelina, The Ugly Duckling, The Red Shoes, and The Emperor's New Clothes. Disney and his animators encountered difficulty with The Snow Queen, as they could not find a way to adapt and relate the Snow Queen character to modern audiences. Even as far back as the 1940s, Disney's animation department saw great cinematic possibilities with the source material, but the Snow Queen character proved to be too problematic. This, among other things, led to the cancellation of the Disney-Goldwyn project. Goldwyn went on to produce his own live-action film version in 1952, entitled Hans Christian Andersen, with Danny Kaye as Andersen, Charles Vidor directing, Moss Hart writing, and Frank Loesser penning the songs. All of Andersen's fairy tales were, instead, told in song and ballet in live-action, like the rest of the film. It went on to receive six Academy Award nominations the following year. Back at Disney, The Snow Queen, along with other Andersen fairy tales (including The Little Mermaid), were shelved.

Later attempts in the 1990s and 200o's also failed due to problematic story line and developmental issues. 

"Hans Christian Andersen’s original version of The Snow Queen is a pretty dark tale and it doesn’t translate easily into a film. For us the breakthrough came when we tried to give really human qualities to the Snow Queen. When we decided to make the Snow Queen Elsa and our protagonist Anna sisters, that gave a way to relate to the characters in a way that conveyed what each was going through and that would relate for today’s audiences. This film has a lot of complicated characters and complicated relationships in it. There are times when Elsa does villainous things but because you understand where it comes from, from this desire to defend herself, you can always relate to her. “Inspired by” means exactly that. There is snow and there is ice and there is a Queen, but other than that, we depart from it quite a bit. We do try to bring scope and the scale that you would expect but do it in a way that we can understand the characters and relate to them."
— Producer Peter Del Vecho, on the difficulties adapting The Snow Queen[27]


 






















Revitalization

On December 22, 2011, following the success of Tangled, Disney announced a new title for the film, Frozen, a release date, November 27, 2013, and a different crew from the previous attempt.[32] A month later, it was confirmed that the film would be a computer animated feature in stereoscopic 3D, instead of the intended hand drawn animation.[25] On March 5, 2012, it was announced that Chris Buck would be directing, with John Lasseter and Peter Del Vecho producing.[33]
After Disney decided to advance The Snow Queen into development again, one of the main challenges Buck and Del Vecho faced was the character of the Snow Queen, who in that earlier version of the story was a villain. Buck and Del Vecho presented their storyboards to John Lasseter, with the entire production team adjourned to a conference to hear Lasseter's thoughts on this work-in-progress. Production designer Michael Giaimo, recalled; "That was the game changer...I remember John saying that the latest version of The Snow Queen story that Chris Buck and his team had come up with was fun, very light-hearted. But the characters didn't resonate. They aren't multi-faceted. Which is why John felt that audiences wouldn't really be able to connect with them." The production team then addressed the film's problems, drafting several different variations on the Snow Queen story until the characters and story felt relevant. Finally, the team decided to rewrite the film's protagonist, Anna (who was based on the Gerda character from The Snow Queen), as the younger sibling of Elsa, effectively establishing a family dynamic between the characters.[34]

Selected film - FROZEN

 I selected Frozen because animation has always fascinated me.



Frozen is a 2013 American 3D computer-animated musical fantasy-comedy film produced by Walt Disney Animation Studios and released by Walt Disney Pictures.[4] It is the 53rd animated feature in the Walt Disney Animated Classics series. Loosely based on Hans Christian Andersen's fairy tale The Snow Queen, and featuring the voices of Kristen Bell, Idina Menzel, Jonathan Groff, Josh Gad, and Santino Fontana, the film tells the story of a fearless princess who sets off on an epic journey alongside a rugged, thrill-seeking mountain man, his loyal pet reindeer, and a hapless snowman to find her estranged sister, whose icy powers have trapped the kingdom in eternal winter.
The film underwent several story treatments for several years, before being commissioned in 2011, with a screenplay written by Jennifer Lee, and both Chris Buck and Lee serving as directors. Christophe Beck, who had worked on Disney's award-winning short Paperman, was hired to compose the film's orchestral score, while husband-and-wife songwriting team Robert Lopez and Kristen Anderson-Lopez penned the songs.
Frozen premiered at the El Capitan Theatre on November 19, 2013,[5] and went into general theatrical release on November 27. The film has so far grossed $811 million in worldwide box office revenue, $349 million of which has been earned in the United States and Canada, and has been met with widespread critical acclaim, with several film critics considering it to be the best Disney animated musical since the studio's renaissance era.[6][7] The film won the Golden Globe Award for Best Animated Feature Film and two Critics' Choice Awards for Best Animated Feature and Best Original Song for "Let It Go", and has received Academy Award, BAFTA, Annie Award, and Satellite Award nominations.[8]

Directed by Chris Buck
Jennifer Lee
Produced by Peter Del Vecho
Screenplay by Jennifer Lee
Story by Chris Buck
Jennifer Lee
Shane Morris
Based on The Snow Queen
by Hans Christian Andersen
Starring Kristen Bell
Idina Menzel
Jonathan Groff
Josh Gad
Santino Fontana
Music by Christophe Beck
Editing by Jeff Draheim
Studio Walt Disney Pictures
Walt Disney Animation Studios
Distributed by Walt Disney Studios
Motion Pictures
Release dates
Running time 102 minutes[1]
Country United States
Language English
Budget $150 million[2][3]
Box office $811,958,295[3]

Wednesday 22 January 2014

resource history of cinema

1910

1910
The first screen credit was given to Florence Lawrence, in IMP's short crime romance The Broken Oath (aka The Broken Bath), directed by her husband Harry Solter.
1910
Dialogue titles began to appear with regularity. Studios began distributing publicity stills of actors and actresses.
1910
The first US multi-reel "feature" film was Vitagraph's five-reel Life of Moses. It was shown at a single sitting in New Orleans. Such multi-reel films weakened exhibitors' control of their programs (i.e., prior to this development, exhibitors effectively "edited" the program by arranging their selections of short films without directorial intervention.)
1910
Film companies began to move to the area later known as Hollywood. Los Angeles annexed Hollywood.
1910
The first film made in the new municipality of Hollywood, by Biograph and director D.W. Griffith, In Old California, was released. It launched the film industry in the city.
1910
For the first time, Hollywood purchased the rights to adapt a novel from a publisher (Little, Brown & Company who published Helen Hunt Jackson's novel Ramona), for a D.W. Griffith film to be made in 1910.
1910
The first western silent film super-star Tom Mix made his first major screen appearance as Bronco Buster in Selig Polyscope's Ranch Life in the Great Southwest (1910), filmed at their studio in the Los Angeles area. The one time bartender, cow hand and Texas Ranger would go on to make hundreds of silent westerns for both Selig and Fox Studios, some of which he also produced, wrote or directed.
1910
Brooklyn Eagle newspaper cartoonist John Randolph Bray patented the 'cel' process ultimately used by animators. He pioneered true animated (motion-picture) cartoons with structured story lines.
1910
The first movie stunt -- a man jumped into the Hudson River from a burning balloon.
1910
Filmdom's first major comedy star of the early silent film era, the happy and rotund John Bunny (almost 300 pounds), originally a successful stage comic, made his film debut in Brooklyn-based Vitagraph's Jack Fat and Jim Slim at Coney Island (1910), and was paid $40/week. By 1911 he was Vitagraph's biggest moneymaker. He died in 1915 at the height of his fame.
1910
The first Frankenstein monster film in the US was Edison's Frankenstein, a 16-minute (one-reel) version made by the Edison Motion Picture Studios and starring stage veteran Charles Ogle (uncredited) as the monster, and Mary Fuller as Frankenstein's fiancée Elizabeth. The film was directed and written by J. Searle Dawley and filmed in the Bronx. The monster appeared misshapen and pathetic rather than horrifying in this first film adaptation of Mary Shelley's novel. In this early version, the Monster was created in a cauldron of chemicals.
1910
Vaudeville press agent William Foster launched his Foster Photoplay Company, the first African-American film production company (to produce "race films" as they were called), in Chicago. It produced primarily slapstick comedies starring black vaudeville performers.
1910
Max Factor created the first makeup formulated especially for film.
1910
The Motion Picture Patents Company (MPPC) tried to monopolize film distribution and absorb independent distributors by setting up the General Film Company. Independent William Fox responded by making his own films.
1910
In Denmark, Fotorama introduced the multi-reel documentary film Den Hvide Slavehandel (The White Slave Trade) - one of the first examples of a vice film, and the first time film was used to study prostitution.
1910
At the Gaumont Palace in Paris, French engineer Leon Gaumont demonstrated his more advanced Chronophone system, a synchronized sound system using phonograph cylinders, to allow synchronized sound while viewing films.
1910
Pioneering French female filmmaker, the first female film director Alice Guy Blache, became the first - and so far the only - woman to own and run her own studio plant - The Solax Company Studios - first in Flushing, NY from 1910 to 1912 (and then in Fort Lee, NJ from 1912 to 1914). It was the largest pre-Hollywood studio in America. From 1896 to 1920, she directed hundreds of short films (including over 100 sychronized sound films and twenty-two feature films), and produced hundreds more.